Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism is currently a frequent disorder. In the past primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed late in the course of the disease. With the introduction of routine calcium measurements, as well as the awareness of the disease amongst clinicians, the disorder is frequently recognized in asymptomatic patients. Thus, the clinical profile of primary hyperparathyroidism is changing.Aim: The aim was to describe the clinical pr...

Background: Gastrin is an early incretin candidate, since it is released by oral glucose and potentiates the glucose-induced insulin secretion. It has been shown that only in hypoglycaemic or hyperglycaemic conditions gastrin release is influenced by changes in blood glucose and insulin concentrations.Aim: To evaluate whether there is a relation between fasting serum glucose and serum gastrin concentrations.Methods: Gastrin and glu...

Introduction: Parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) resulting in hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria due to autonomous secretion of PTH. Ectopic parathyroid adenoma, as a consequence of variability in the glandular tissue migration during the embryologic life or a supernumary fifth parathyroid gland, has an incidence of 25% among patients with PHPT. The incidence of deeply mediastinal ectopic parathyroid adenoma is 1–3%.<p cla...

Aim: Recent reports of adverse skin reactions in patients receiving dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have increased awareness towards skin-targeting side effects. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering dermatosis with significant morbidity and mortality. We report the development of BP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with DPP-4 inhibitors.Method: Evaluation of the temporal distribution of the frequency of BP...

Background: Although sunitinib, an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor of RET, VEGFR, PDGFR, c-KIT used for cancer treatment, has a reported prevalence of hypocalcemia of 35%, this has not been documented in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (pNETs).Methods: We present three, out of 12, patients with pNETs treated with sunitinib who developed grade 1, 2 and 4 hypocalcemia according Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 (CTCAE) crite...

Background: The expression and/or co-expression of somatostatin (sstr1–5) and dopamine (DR) receptors in neuroendocrine tumors (NETS) is of clinical interest as their expression implies that NETS could be treated with combined targeted therapy. In addition, the expression of sstrs permits tumour visualization with radiolabelled sst analogs (111In-DTPA-OctreoScan).Methods: We analyzed preoperative Octreoscans findings (also graded for the ...

Objective: The prevalence of metastatic bone disease in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) and their response to first line treatment with biphosphonates.Methods: We studied 271 patients (141 females) with NETs: 54 gastric, nine duodenal, 102 pancreatic, 29 small intestine, 29 appendix, 14 colon, 15 lung, one thymic, 20 unknown primary and ten elsewhere. Since September 2012 all patients with NETs and bone metastases were recruited to receive 4 ...

Introduction: Gonadotrophin-producing pituitary adenomas are usually non-functioning masses, and are not associated with elevated serum gonadotrophins. Functioning LH-producing gonadotroph pituitary adenomas are exceedingly rare in males, causing elevation of serum testosterone.Case report: We present an adult male who has been admitted to the emergency department a comatose state. Brain MRI revealed a large, lobulated mass of 6 cm caudal and 7.8 cm late...

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an auto-immune disorder that targets intra-orbital tissues. It is well proven to involve inflammatory hypertrophy of the rectus EOMs. Superior oblique (SO) muscle has been sporadically reported to be involved in GO. However, there are extremely few reports in the literature that refer to the involvement of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle and here we present such a case.A 33-year-old man with unilateral exophthalmos was r...

Background: Clinical evaluation of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is often insufficient. Frequently it is difficult to decide whether a case of GO is active, or to detect the degree of severity. STIR sequence MRI suppresses signal from fat and thus in the orbits can also detect active inflammation and oedema of extra-ocular muscles (EOMs). The aim of the present study is to examine whether imaging of rectus EOMs with STIR MRI could provide additional information for the activit...